Closed heart surgery refers to cardiac surgical procedures that can be performed without opening the heart chambers and without the need for cardiopulmonary bypass (heart-lung bypass). The surgeon operates on the exterior of the heart or great vessels while the heart continues to beat normally, without stopping it or entering its interior. The term ‘closed … Read more
Central venous access refers to the placement of a catheter with its tip positioned in one of the large veins close to the heart, known as central veins. These include the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and right atrium. This is distinct from a peripheral intravenous line, which is placed in a smaller vein … Read more
A line is inserted into the patient in order for liquids/drugs to be passed into their veins.