Coronary angiography is the gold standard diagnostic investigation for coronary artery disease, providing direct visualisation of the coronary arteries and the degree and location of any narrowings or blockages. It is performed by injecting a radiocontrast dye into the coronary arteries via a catheter, while X-ray imaging (fluoroscopy) captures the dye outlining the arterial lumen … Read more
Coronary angioplasty is a procedure used to open a narrowed or blocked coronary artery by inflating a small balloon at the site of the obstruction, compressing the plaque against the artery wall and widening the channel for blood flow. It is performed during cardiac catheterisation: a thin catheter is inserted into a peripheral artery (usually … Read more
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery restores blood flow to the heart muscle by routing blood around a blocked or narrowed coronary artery. During the procedure, a surgeon takes a healthy blood vessel from elsewhere in the body (typically the internal mammary artery from the chest wall, or a vein from the leg) and uses … Read more