Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker (CCB) used primarily to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), angina, and Raynaud’s phenomenon. It works by relaxing the smooth muscle in blood vessel walls, causing them to widen (vasodilate) and reducing the resistance the heart pumps against.
Calcium channel blockers are one of the main classes of antihypertensive medication recommended by NICE for initial blood pressure treatment, particularly in people of African or Caribbean origin and those over 55. Nifedipine is used in its modified-release (MR) or extended-release form to maintain steady blood levels throughout the day. The short-acting formulation is generally avoided for long-term blood pressure management.
Nifedipine is not typically used in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, where beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors are preferred. However, other calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine may be appropriate in specific circumstances. Common side effects of nifedipine include ankle swelling (oedema), flushing, headache, and palpitations, particularly when starting treatment or with dose increases. These effects often settle with time; persistent or troublesome side effects should be discussed with a GP or cardiologist.
For cardiac arrest survivors taking nifedipine as part of their blood pressure regimen, it is important that the medication is continued as prescribed unless a clinician advises otherwise. Stopping antihypertensive medicines abruptly can cause rebound elevation in blood pressure.
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