The ribs are a series of 24 curved bones arranged in 12 pairs that form the bony cage of the thorax. They articulate with the thoracic vertebrae of the spine at the back and, in most cases, connect to the sternum (breastbone) at the front via cartilaginous extensions. The rib cage protects the heart and … Read more
A reduction in the haemoglobin of red blood cells with consequent deficiency of oxygen in the blood, leading to weakness and pallor.
The forces involved in circulating blood through the cardiovascular system. The heart adapts its haemodynamic performance to the needs of the body, increasing its output of blood when muscles are working and decreasing output when the body is at rest.