Congenital is a medical adjective meaning ‘present at birth’ or ‘existing at the time of birth’. It applies to conditions, abnormalities, or traits that a person is born with, regardless of whether they were caused by genetic factors, environmental influences during fetal development, or a combination. The term does not imply hereditary transmission, as some … Read more
Congenital heart defects (CHD) is a general term for structural abnormalities of the heart or its major blood vessels that are present at birth. The terms ‘congenital heart defects’ and ‘congenital heart disease’ are used interchangeably in clinical practice. CHD encompasses a wide spectrum of abnormalities, from simple defects that require no treatment (such as … Read more
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in every cell of the body. It has essential functions: it is a component of cell membranes, helps produce vitamin D, bile acids (for digestion), and hormones including oestrogen and testosterone. The body makes cholesterol in the liver, and additional cholesterol is absorbed from food. Cholesterol is transported … Read more