Cognitive difficulties are among the most common — and most distressing — after-effects of cardiac arrest. Problems with memory, concentration, processing speed, word-finding, and executive function affect a significant proportion of survivors, particularly where there was any period of reduced blood flow to the brain.
This leaflet provides information and practical help on the cognitive problems that can follow a cardiac arrest. It is intended for survivors, their families, and the healthcare professionals who support them.
Why cognitive problems occur
During a cardiac arrest, the brain is deprived of oxygenated blood. Even a short period of hypoxia can affect brain function. The extent of cognitive impact varies widely between individuals and depends on many factors, including the duration of the arrest, how quickly CPR and defibrillation were administered, and individual resilience.
Cognitive difficulties may be subtle or significant, and they may improve over time with appropriate support and rehabilitation. They are not a sign of permanent brain damage in every case, and early intervention can make a real difference to outcomes.
Common difficulties and what helps
Memory problems — particularly short-term memory — are frequently reported by survivors. Concentration difficulties, slower information processing, word-finding problems, and difficulties with planning and organisation are also common. Compensatory strategies, cognitive rehabilitation, and adjustments at work or home can all help.
Further information is also available on our Memory and Cognition page, which covers the evidence base and includes survivor experiences.
Download the leaflet
This leaflet is available as a free PDF download. It is designed to be read on screen or printed, and can be shared with family members, employers, and healthcare professionals.